Shuaiqiang Wang (王帅强) is currently a Principal Architect at Baidu Inc., where he leads scientific teams to enhance users' search experience through cutting-edge optimization of search-oriented large language models (LLMs) at Baidu Search Engine. He received B.Sc and Ph.D. in Computer Science from Shandong University in 2004 and 2009 respectively. After that, he worked as a Postdoctoral Researcher at Texas State University in the USA, an Assistant Professor at the University of Manchester in the UK and the University of Jyvaskyla in Finland, respectively. From 2017 to 2020, he was a Research Scientist and Senior Algorithm Engineer at JD inc., taking responsibility for the feed recommendation at JD.com. In 2020, he joined Baidu. His research interests span large language models, information retrieval, and data mining. He has served as Senior Area Chair (SAC) or Senior Program Committee (SPC) member for premier IR and AI conferences such as KDD, SIGIR and IJCAI. His work has received the Best Student Paper Award of ICDM 2023, Outstanding Paper Award of EMNLP 2023, and Best Paper Award of DSAA 2023.

Our team is hiring! Please drop me a message via wangshuaiqiang [at] baidu.com if interested.

Recent Publications All Publications (DBLP) »

• EMNLP'25 "TP-RAG: Benchmarking Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Model Agents for Spatiotemporal-Aware Travel Planning", Hang Ni, Fan Liu, Xinyu Ma, Lixin Su, Shuaiqiang Wang, Dawei Yin, Hui Xiong, Hao Liu. In Proceedings of the 2025 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP).
• EMNLP'25 "Mitigating Hallucinations in Large Vision-Language Models via Entity-Centric Multimodal Preference Optimization", Jiulong Wu, Zhengliang Shi, Shuaiqiang Wang, Jizhou Huang, Dawei Yin, Lingyong Yan, Min Cao, Min Zhang. In Proceedings of the 2025 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP).
• EMNLP'25 "Reasoning-to-Defend: Safety-Aware Reasoning Can Defend Large Language Models from Jailbreaking", Junda Zhu, Lingyong Yan, Shuaiqiang Wang, Dawei Yin, Lei Sha. In Proceedings of the 2025 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP).
• EMNLP'25 "CoRanking: Collaborative Ranking with Small and Large Ranking Agents", Wenhan Liu, Xinyu Ma, Yutao Zhu, Lixin Su, Shuaiqiang Wang, Dawei Yin, Zhicheng Dou. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2025.
• EMNLP'25 "Uplift-RAG: Uplift-Driven Knowledge Preference Alignment for Retrieval-Augmented Generation", Changle Qu, Sunhao Dai, Hengyi Cai, Yiyang Cheng, Jun Xu, Shuaiqiang Wang, Dawei Yin. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2025.
• CIKM'25 "CLUE: Using Large Language Models for Judging Document Usefulness in Web Search Evaluation", Xingzhu Wang, Erhan Zhang, Yiqun Chen, Jinghan Xuan, Yucheng Hou, Yitong Xu, Ying Nie, Shuaiqiang Wang, Dawei Yin and Jiaxin Mao. In Proceedings of the 33rd ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM).
• CIKM'25 "Leveraging Generative Models for Real-Time Query-Driven Text Summarization in Large-Scale Web Search", Zeyu Xiong, Yixuan Nan, Li Gao, Hengzhu Tang, Shuaiqiang Wang, Junfeng Wang and Dawei Yin. In Proceedings of the 33rd ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM).
• CIKM'25 "Advancing Temporal Sensitive Question Answering through Progressive Multi-Step Reflection", Ziyang Chen, Erxue Min, Xiang Zhao, Yunxin Li, Xin Jia, Jinzhi Liao, Shuaiqiang Wang, Baotian Hu and Dawei Yin. In Proceedings of the 33rd ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM).
• MM'25 "MARA: A Multimodal Adaptive Retrieval-Augmented Framework for Document Question Answering", Hui Wu, Haoquan Zhai, Yuchen Li, Hengyi Cai, Peirong Zhang, Yidan Zhang, Lei Wang, Chunle Wang, Yingyan Hou, Shuaiqiang Wang, Dawei Yin. In Proceedings of the 33rd ACM International Conference on Multimedia (MM).
• ACL'25 "Sliding Windows Are Not the End: Exploring Full Ranking with Long-Context Large Language Models, Wenhan Liu, Xinyu Ma, Yutao Zhu, Ziliang Zhao, Shuaiqiang Wang, Dawei Yin, Zhicheng Dou. In Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL).
• ACL'25 "LLMs + Persona-Plug = Personalized LLMs", Jiongnan Liu, Yutao Zhu, Shuting Wang, Xiaochi Wei, Erxue Min, Yu Lu, Shuaiqiang Wang, Dawei Yin, Zhicheng Dou. In Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL).
• ACL'25 "Enhancing Retrieval-Augmented Generation via Evidence Tree Search", Hao Sun, Hengyi Cai, Yuchen Li, Xuanbo Fan, Xiaochi Wei, Shuaiqiang Wang, Yan Zhang, Dawei Yin. In Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL).
• ACL'25 "Knowledge Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation for LLM-based Recommendation", Shijie Wang, Wenqi Fan, Yue Feng, Shanru Lin, Xinyu Ma, Shuaiqiang Wang, Dawei Yin. In Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL).
• ACL'25 "Divide-Then-Aggregate: An Efficient Tool Learning Method via Parallel Tool Invocation", Dongsheng Zhu, Weixian Shi, Zhengliang Shi, Zhaochun Ren, Shuaiqiang Wang, Lingyong Yan, Dawei Yin. In Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL).
• ACL'25 "Task Knowledge Injection via Interpolations and Reinstatement for Large Language Model Generalization", Yukun Zhao, Lingyong Yan, Zhenyang Li, Shuaiqiang Wang, Zhumin Chen, Zhaochun Ren, Dawei Yin. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2025
• ACL'25 "Retrieval Models Aren’t Tool-Savvy: Benchmarking Tool Retrieval for Large Language Models", Zhengliang Shi, Yuhan Wang, Lingyong Yan, Pengjie Ren, Shuaiqiang Wang, Dawei Yin, Zhaochun Ren. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2025
• KDD'25 "RankExpert: A Mixture of Textual-and-Behavioral Experts for Multi-Objective Learning-to-Rank in Web Search", Yuchen Li, Hao Zhang, Yongqi Zhang, Hengyi Cai, Mingxin Cai, Shuaiqiang Wang, Haoyi Xiong, Linghe Kong, Dawei Yin, Lei Chen. In Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD).
• KDD'25 "Multi-Agent Proactive Information Seeking with Adaptive LLM Orchestration for Non-Factoid Question Answering", Xinran Chen, Yuchen Li, Hengyi Cai, ZhuoranMa, Xuanang Chen, Haoyi Xiong, Shuaiqiang Wang, Ben He, Le Sun, Dawei Yin. In Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD).
• KDD'25 "FULTR: A Large-scale Fusion Learning to Rank Dataset and its application for Satisfaction-Oriented Ranking", Yuchen Li, Hao Zhang, Zhang Haojie, Hengyi Cai, Xinyu Ma, Shuaiqiang Wang, Haoyi Xiong, Zhaochun Ren, Maarten de Rijke, Dawei Yin. In Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD).
• KDD'25 "Variational Graph Autoencoder for Heterogeneous Information Networks with Missing and Inaccurate Attributes", Yige Zhao, Jianxiang Yu, Yao Cheng, Chengcheng Yu, Yiding Liu, Xiang Li, Shuaiqiang Wang. In Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD).
• KDD'25 "Generative Retrieval for Book Search", Yubao Tang, Ruqing Zhang, Jiafeng Guo, Maarten de Rijke, Shihao Liu, Shuaiqiang Wang, Dawei Yin, Xueqi Cheng. In Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD).
• KDD'25 "RankElectra: Semi-supervised Pre-training of Learning-to-Rank Electra for Web-scale Search", Yuchen Li, Haoyi Xiong, Yongqi Zhang, Jiang Bian, Tianhao Peng, Xuhong Li, Shuaiqiang Wang, Linghe Kong, Dawei Yin. In Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD).
• SIGIR'25"Replication and Exploration of Generative Retrieval over Dynamic Corpora", Zhen Zhang, Xinyu Ma, Weiwei Sun, Pengjie Ren, Zhumin Chen, Shuaiqiang Wang, Dawei Yin, Maarten de Rijke, Zhaochun Ren. In Proceedings of the 48th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR).
• ICDE'25 "DaRec: A Disentangled Alignment Framework for Large Language Model and Recommender System", Xihong Yang, Heming Jing, Zixing Zhang, Jindong Wang, Huakang Niu, Shuaiqiang Wang, Yu Lu, Junfeng Wang, Dawei Yin, Xinwang Liu, En Zhu, Defu Lian, Erxue Min. In Proceedings of the 41st IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE).
• ICDE'25 "M2oERank: Multi-objective Mixture-of-Experts Enhanced Ranking for Satisfaction-oriented Web Search", Yuchen Li, Hao Zhang, Yongqi Zhang, Xinyu Ma, Wenwen Ye, Naifei Song, Shuaiqiang Wang, Haoyi Xiong, Dawei Yin, Lei Chen. In Proceedings of the 41st IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE).
• ICLR'25 "From Exploration to Mastery: Enabling LLMs to Master Tools via Self-Driven Interactions", Changle Qu, Sunhao Dai, Xiaochi Wei, Hengyi Cai, Shuaiqiang Wang, Dawei Yin, Jun Xu, Ji-Rong Wen. In Proceedings of the The 13th International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR).
• NAACL'25 "PA-RAG: RAG Alignment via Multi-Perspective Preference Optimization", Jiayi Wu, Hengyi Cai, Lingyong Yan, Hao Sun, Xiang Li, Shuaiqiang Wang, Dawei Yin, Ming Gao. In Proceedings of the 2025 Annual Conference of the Nations of the Americas Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL).
• FCS'25 "Tool Learning with Large Language Models: A Survey", Changle Qu, Sunhao Dai, Xiaochi Wei, Hengyi Cai, Shuaiqiang Wang, Dawei Yin, Jun Xu, Ji-Rong Wen. Frontiers of Computer Science (FCS), 19(8): No.198343, 2025.
• SIGKDD Explor'25 "DBR: Divergence-Based Regularization for Debiasing Natural Language Understanding Models", Zihao Li, Ruixiang Tang, Lu Cheng, Shuaiqiang Wang, Dawei Yin, Mengnan Du. ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter, 27(1): 1-9, 2025.
• TSC'24 "When Search Engine Services Meet Large Language Models: Visions and Challenges", Haoyi Xiong, Jiang Bian, Yuchen Li, Xuhong Li, Mengnan Du, Shuaiqiang Wang, Dawei Yin, Sumi Helal. IEEE Transactions on Services Computing (TSC), 17(6): 4558-4577, 2024.
• NeurIPS'24 "G3: An Effective and Adaptive Framework for Worldwide Geolocalization Using Large Multi-Modality Models", Pengyue Jia, Yiding Liu, Xiaopeng Li, Xiangyu Zhao, Yuhao Wang, Yantong Du, Xiao Han, Xuetao Wei, Shuaiqiang Wang, Dawei Yin. In Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS).
• NeurIPS'24 "Cross-model Control: Improving Multiple Large Language Models in One-time Training", Jiayi Wu, Hao Sun, Hengyi Cai, Lixin Su, Shuaiqiang Wang, Dawei Yin, Xiang Li, Ming Gao. In Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS).
• EMNLP'24 "Towards Verifiable Text Generation with Evolving Memory and Self-Reflection", Hao Sun, Hengyi Cai, Bo Wang, Yingyan Hou, Xiaochi Wei, Shuaiqiang Wang, Yan Zhang, Dawei Yin. In Proceedings of the 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP).
• EMNLP'24 "AdaSwitch: Adaptive Switching between Small and Large Agents for Effective Cloud-Local Collaborative Learning", Hao Sun, Jiayi Wu, Hengyi Cai, Xiaochi Wei, Yue Feng, Bo Wang, Shuaiqiang Wang, Yan Zhang, Dawei Yin. In Proceedings of the 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP).
• CIKM'24 "Hyperbolic Contrastive Learning for Cross-Domain Recommendation", Xin Yang, Heng Chang, Zhijian Lai, Jinze Yang, Xingrun Li, Yu Lu, Shuaiqiang Wang, Dawei Yin, Erxue Min. In Proceedings of the 33rd ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM).
• CIKM'24 "Towards Completeness-Oriented Tool Retrieval for Large Language Models", Changle Qu, Sunhao Dai, Xiaochi Wei, Hengyi Cai, Shuaiqiang Wang, Dawei Yin, Jun Xu, Ji-Rong Wen. In Proceedings of the 33rd ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM).
• ECML PKDD'24 "PSP: Pre-Training and Structure Prompt Tuning for Graph Neural Networks", Qingqing Ge, Zeyuan Zhao, Yiding Liu, Anfeng Cheng, Xiang Li, Shuaiqiang Wang, Dawei Yin. In Proceedings of the 2024 European Conference on Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases (ECML PKDD).
• ECML PKDD'24 "HetCAN: A Heterogeneous Graph Cascade Attention Network with Dual-Level Awareness", Zeyuan Zhao, Qingqing Ge, Anfeng Cheng, Yiding Liu, Xiang Li, Shuaiqiang Wang. In Proceedings of the 2024 European Conference on Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases (ECML PKDD).
• ACL'24 "Exploring Memorization in Fine-tuned Language Models", Shenglai Zeng, Yaxin Li, Jie Ren, Yiding Liu, Han Xu, Pengfei He, Yue Xing, Shuaiqiang Wang, Jiliang Tang, Dawei Yin. In Proceedings of the 62nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL).
• ACL'24 "The Good and The Bad: Exploring Privacy Issues in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)", Shenglai Zeng, Jiankun Zhang, Pengfei He, Yue Xing, Yiding Liu, Han Xu, Jie Ren, Shuaiqiang Wang, Dawei Yin, Yi Chang, Jiliang Tang. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2024.
• SIGIR'24 "Unsupervised Large Language Model Alignment for Information Retrieval via Contrastive Feedback", Qian Dong, Yiding Liu, Qingyao Ai, Zhijing Wu, Tsinghua University, Yiqun Liu, Shuaiqiang Wang, Dawei Yin, Shaoping Ma. In Proceedings of the 47th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR).
• COLING'24 "Improving the Robustness of Large Language Models via Consistency Alignment", Yukun Zhao, Lingyong Yan, Weiwei Sun, Guoliang Xing, Shuaiqiang Wang, Chong Meng, Zhicong Cheng, Zhaochun Ren, Dawei Yin. In Proceedings of the 2024 Joint International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC-COLING).
• TOIS'24 "Toward Bias-Agnostic Recommender Systems: A Universal Generative Framework", Zhidan Wang, Lixin Zou, Chenliang Li, Shuaiqiang Wang, Xu Chen, Dawei Yin, Weidong Liu. ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS), 42(6): No.142, 2024.
• TIST'24 "Explainability for Large Language Models: A Survey", Haiyan Zhao, Hanjie Chen, Fan Yang, Ninghao Liu, Huiqi Deng, Hengyi Cai, Shuaiqiang Wang, Dawei Yin, Mengnan Du. ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology (TIST), 15(2): No.20, 2024.
• TKDE'24 "Towards Flexible and Adaptive Neural Process for Cold-Start Recommendation", Xixun Lin, Chuan Zhou, Jia Wu, Lixin Zou, Shirui Pan, Yanan Cao, Bin Wang, Shuaiqiang Wang, Dawei Yin. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering 36(4): 1815-1828, 2024.
• MLJ'24 "GS2P: A Generative Pre-trained Learning to Rank Model with Over-parameterization for Web-Scale Search", Yuchen Li, Haoyi Xiong^, Linghe Kong, Jiang Bian, Shuaiqiang Wang, Guihai Chen and Dawei Yin. Machine Learning, 113(8): 5331-5349, 2004 (Best Paper Award - Journal Track for DSAA 2023).
• NAACL'24 "Knowing What LLMs DO NOT Know: A Simple Yet Effective Self-Detection Method", Yukun Zhao, Lingyong Yan, Weiwei Sun, Guoliang Xing, Chong Meng, Shuaiqiang Wang, Zhicong Cheng, Zhaochun Ren, Dawei Yin. In Proceedings of the 2024 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL).
• NAACL'24 "MILL: Mutual Verification with Large Language Models for Zero-Shot Query Expansion", Pengyue Jia, Yiding Liu, Xiangyu Zhao, Xiaopeng LI, Changying Hao, Shuaiqiang Wang, Dawei Yin. In Proceedings of the 2024 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL).
• NAACL'24 "A Robust Semantics-based Watermark for Large Language Model against Paraphrasing", Jie Ren, Han Xu, Yiding Liu, Yingqian Cui, Shuaiqiang Wang, Dawei Yin, Jiliang Tang. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: NAACL 2024.
• ICDE'24 "LT²R: Learning to Online Learning to Rank for Web Search", Xiaokai Chu, Lixin Zou, Chenliang Li, Jiashu Zhao, Changying Hao, Shuaiqiang Wang, Dawei Yin. In Proceedings of the 40th IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE).
• SIGKDD Explor'23 "Exploring the Potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) in Learning on Graphs", Zhikai Chen, Haitao Mao, Hang Li, Wei Jin, Hongzhi Wen, Xiaochi Wei, Shuaiqiang Wang, Dawei Yin, Wenqi Fan, Hui Liu, Jiliang Tang. ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter, 25(2): 42-61, 2023.
• EMNLP'23 "Is ChatGPT Good at Search? Investigating Large Language Models as Re-Ranking Agents", Weiwei Sun, Lingyong Yan, Xinyu Ma, Shuaiqiang Wang, Pengjie Ren, Zhumin Chen, Dawei Yin, Zhaochun Ren. In Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP). (Outstanding Paper Award)
• EMNLP'23 "DiQAD: A Benchmark Dataset for Open-domain Dialogue Quality Assessment", Yukun Zhao, Lingyong Yan, Weiwei Sun, Chong Meng, Shuaiqiang Wang, Zhicong Cheng, Zhaochun Ren, Dawei Yin. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2023.
• NeurIPS'23 "Learning to Tokenize for Generative Retrieval", Weiwei Sun, Lingyong Yan, Zheng Chen, Shuaiqiang Wang, Haichao Zhu, Pengjie Ren, Zhumin Chen, Dawei Yin, Maarten de Rijke, Zhaochun Ren. In Proceedings of the 37th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS).
• ICDM'23 "MPGraf: a Modular and Pre-trained Graphformer for Learning to Rank at Web-scale", Yuchen Li, Haoyi Xiong, Linghe Kong, Zeyi Sun, Hongyang Chen, Shuaiqiang Wang, and Dawei Yin. In Proceedings of the 23rd IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM). (Best Student Paper Award)
• CIKM'23 "I^3 Retriever: Incorporating Implicit Interaction in Pre-trained Language Models for Passage Retrieval", Qian Dong, Yiding Liu, Qingyao Ai, Haitao Li, Shuaiqiang Wang, Yiqun Liu, Dawei Yin, Shaoping Ma. In Proceedings of the 32nd ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM).
• KDD'23 "Semantic-Enhanced Differentiable Search Index Inspired by Learning Strategies", Yubao Tang, Ruqing Zhang, Jiafeng Guo, Jiangui Chen, Zuowei Zhu, Shuaiqiang Wang, Dawei Yin, Xueqi Cheng. In Proceedings of the 29th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining (KDD).
• KDD'23 "S2phere: Semi-Supervised Pre-training for Web Search over Heterogeneous Learning to Rank Data", Yuchen Li, Haoyi Xiong, Linghe Kong, Qingzhong Wang, Shuaiqiang Wang, Guihai Chen, Dawei Yin. In Proceedings of the 29th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining (KDD).
• ACL'23 "Boosting Event Extraction with Denoised Structure-to-Text Augmentation", Bo Wang, Heyan Huang, Xiaochi Wei, Ge Shi, Xiao Liu, Chong Feng, Tong Zhou, Shuaiqiang Wang, Dawei Yin. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2023.
• SIGIR'23"Graph Enhanced BERT for Query Understanding", Juanhui Li, Wei Zeng, Suqi Cheng, Yao Ma, Jiliang Tang, Shuaiqiang Wang and Dawei Yin. In Proceedings of the 46th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR Industry Track).
• ECML/PKDD'23"LtrGCN: Large-Scale Graph Convolutional Networks-based Learning to Rank for Web Search", Yuchen Li, Haoyi Xiong, Linghe Kong, Shuaiqiang Wang, Zeyi Sun, Hongyang Chen, Guihai Chen, Dawei Yin. In Proceedings of the Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases: European Conference 2023 (ECML/PKDD)
• TKDE'23 "COLTR: Semi-supervised Learning to Rank with Co-training and Over-parameterization for Web Search", Yuchen Li, Haoyi Xiong, Qingzhong Wang, Linghe Kong, Hao Liu, Haifang Li, Jiang Bian, Shuaiqiang Wang, Guihai Chen, Dejing Dou, Dawei Yin. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 2023, 35(12):12542-12555, 2023.
• TWEB'23 "Pre-trained Language Model based Retrieval and Ranking for Web Search",Lixin Zou, Weixue Lu, Yiding Liu, Hengyi Cai, Xiaokai Chu, Dehong Ma, Daiting Shi, Yu Sun, Zhicong Cheng, Simiu Gu, Shuaiqiang Wang, Dawei Yin. ACM Transactions on the Web (TWEB), 17(1): No.4, 2023.